Thinnest border first.
What drives each panel type, and whether it can hold 60 fps. Estimates; check the panel and driver datasheets.
| Interface | Typical panels | Driven by | 60 fps |
|---|---|---|---|
| SPI / QSPI | 1.3–2.5″, 240² to 320² | ESP32, ESP32-S3, ESP32-P4 (SPI pins) | Small only. 240² yes with QSPI; 480² about 40 fps at best |
| MCU (8/16-bit parallel) | 2.5–4″, up to 480² | ESP32-S3 (LCD i80 bus), ESP32-P4 | 480² yes, 720² borderline; needs PSRAM framebuffer |
| RGB (TTL, 40–50 pin) | 3.4–5.1″, 480²; some 720² | ESP32-S3 (RGB peripheral + PSRAM), ESP32-P4; Pi via DPI GPIO (e.g. HyperPixel) | 480² yes on S3; 720² limited on S3, yes on P4 and Pi DPI |
| MIPI DSI (30–40 pin) | 4–10″, 720² to 1200² | ESP32-P4 (2-lane DSI), Raspberry Pi DSI port, or an HDMI-to-MIPI board | Yes on P4, Pi and HDMI board. No on ESP32 / S3 (no DSI) |
| LVDS / eDP | 6–18″, 720² to 1200² | HDMI-to-LVDS or HDMI-to-eDP board (Pi, PC or media player as source) | Yes via HDMI board. No direct from ESP32 |